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1. Analysis of the Relationship between Machine Tool and Workpiece Coordinates
Machine tool coordinate system, also known as mechanical coordinate system, is set by machine tool manufacturers to determine the orientation of workpieces and tools in the machine tool. After starting, the machine tool usually actively finds the origin of the machine tool coordinate system by returning to zero and returning to the reference point, which is the reference system for all other coordinate systems.
How to complete the conversion between the workpiece coordinate system and the machine coordinate system is crucial for operators. After commenting on the tool methods of CNC milling machines and machining centers, the base point coordinates in the workpiece coordinate system are converted to the machine coordinate system, establishing a connection between the two coordinate systems. CNC milling machines or machining centers typically store six different workpiece parts; When using cutting tools, the tool values can be input into any preset coordinate system, and the corresponding coordinate system can be input for machining, calling the offset in the memory.
2. Knife alignment method
Due to the involvement of the X axis, Y axis, and Z axis in the machining center, it is necessary to align the X, Y, and Z axes separately during the tool alignment process (note that the three coordinate axes are not in any particular order). The trial cutting method is a widely used tool alignment technique in practice.
3. Unilateral knife technique
The workpiece coordinate system is established in the middle of the blank, assuming that the blank size is 100X80X20 and the surface of the blank is fully machined. The selected tool size is φ 20. Since the projection of the tool is circular, all tools are based on a φ 20 circle with the tool as the base. The following steps need to be completed for Y-axis alignment:
One is to install the workpiece on the workbench through a fixture, and when clamping, the orientation of the knife should be left on all four sides of the workpiece.
The second is to rotate the tool at a certain speed, manually or manually move the worktable to bring the tool close to the left side of the blank, move the spindle to make the tool reach an appropriate depth in the Z direction, investigate the iron filings or listen to the cutting sound to determine whether the tool touches the left side of the blank, and enter the G54-G59 coordinate system interface through the OFSSET button on the control panel. Taking the 54 coordinate system as an example, G. Position the cursor at the corresponding cursor X, enter - (100/2+20/2)=-60, and then click on measure. At this point, the X value for tool alignment is complete. If the tool is close to the right side of the blank, the value that should be entered at this moment is+60. Similarly, tool alignment in the Y-axis direction can be achieved by manipulating the tool to touch the front and back of the blank.
4. Z-axis tool alignment
Rotate the tool, control the worktable and spindle to move quickly, so that the tool moves to a position close to the surface of the workpiece with a certain safe distance, reduce the moving speed, and make the bottom of the tool touch the surface of the workpiece. At this moment, call up the coordinate system, position the cursor at Z input 0, click the corresponding soft key below the measurement, and complete the Z-axis alignment.
