51吃瓜

1. ?????????

??????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????????????????????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?? folgje??? ????????:

(i) ??????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ????;

(ii) ??????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????????????????????????????

(iii) ?? ???? ??????????? ??зайн??????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????????зайн???;

(iv) ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ????????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ?????????, ????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ???????????? ??????

?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????geri??: ???????? ??? ???-????????. ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????um, ????????um, ???????, ???????um ??? ????? ??????. ??? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????, ?????, ????????, ?????????, ?????? ??? ??. ?? ????? reinforcing materials include glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, silicon carbide fiber, asbestos fiber, whiskers, and metals.

2. ???????????

??????????? ???????????? ????? ?? ???????. ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ???? традицион?????? ???????????. ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????????, ???-??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????????, ??? ???-??????? ?? ???-??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????????, ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???:

[UNK]9312;????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????. ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????????. ???? ??????????, ???????-?????????? ???????, ????.

[UNK]931313;Laminated composite materials. ???????????? ???? Superficial Materials ??? Core materials ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ???. ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????, ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????????. ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????: solid sandwich and honeycomb sandwich.

???????931414????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????????, ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ??? ????.

[UNK]931515;?????? ??????????? ????????????. ???????????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????????? ??????????. ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????????? ???????????, ????? ?????????????????, ???????????????? ??? ????????????????????? ????? ???????? ?????????, ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??видирован ??? ??????? ???? ??????, ?????? ???? ??????, ?????????? ??????, ???????/?????? ???? ??????, ??? super ?????? ??????????? ???????????.

??????????? ???????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????geri??: ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? функционально ??????????? ????????????.

??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????, ???? ????? 基本上???????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? Reinforcements include various types of glass, ceramics, carbon, polymers, metals, as well as natural fibers, fabrics, whiskers, sheets, and particles, while matrices include polymers (resins), metals, ceramics, glass, carbon, and cement. ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??fò????ende ????????? ??? ??????????, ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????, ???? ????????? (?????) ?????? ?? ?? ??????????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????????????????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????????? ? ????? ???? ??? ????, ??? ??? ???????, ??????????? ???????????зайн? ??? ???? ?????

??????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????????. ??? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????, ????????????????, ??????????????????????????, ???????? ?????????????, ??????????????????, ?????????, ?????????????, ???????????????, ????????, ????????, ????? ??????????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? функциональные ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????? ????????????, ????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????????????? ???????????. ???? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???? функции. Meanwhile, it is also possible to generate new functions due to composite effects. ???? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ???????????????????? ???? функционально ?????????????? ???????????.

??????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????geri??: ??????? ???? ??? ?????????????.

??????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????????????????????????? ?? ??????? ??bers ??? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ????, ?????????, ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????????????, ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????.

????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ????-????????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ???????. ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????????, ???? ????? ???????? ????? relatively ????, ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???defense ??????????, aerospace, ????????? ?????????, ?????? ???????????, ??????? ???????? ????????????? ??? ???? ????? ???????

????????????

?? ?????? ?????????????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ?????:

???931212; ??????. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????????, ???? ???????? ??????????, ??? ????????, ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????????, ??????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????, ??

[UNK]9313;?? ????????????? ??????????. ????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????, ??? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????, ????? ???? ???? ???????, ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????, ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ?????. ???????, ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????????? ????????

[UNK]931414;??? ?? ???? ??? ??????, ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????. ? ???????? ???? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????????, ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???????, ????????? ??????, ???????? ??????, ???????

[UNK]931515;?????????? ????. ???????? ??ber ??????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????????????? ??? X-Rays, ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????????? ?????? X-Ray ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????????????????? ??? ???? ???????????????, ??? стабильность ??? ????????? ??????, ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????, ??????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????????????.

4. ????????jum ????????? ??????????????????? ?????????

??? ????? ???? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??рм?????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ??? ????? significantly improvin? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? настоящее время ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???????????????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ??????????, ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????/?

?? α - ZrP ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ???????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???????layer. ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ??? ???? ? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????????????????? ??? ????????um ?????????, ?? ??????? ?? ??????????????? ??? ??? ????????? ????????, ??? ????????? ?? ???????????????? ?????? ????????um ???????? α - ZrP ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ??alcohols ???? - OH ????????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? Layers, ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????. ????, ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????, ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????

Long chain quaternary ammonium salts (DMA-CMS) were synthesized using octadecyldimethylamine (DMA) and p-chloromethylstyrene (CMS). The α - ZrP was pre supported with methylamine and then exchanged with DMA-CMS to obtain organically modified zirconium phosphate (ZrP. DMA. CMS). ?? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????/?????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????, ??? ??? ??

XRD ?????????? ????? ??? ????????????????????? ???????jum ???? DMA-CMS ??? relatively ????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?? layers ??? α - ZrP ???? ?? ?????????. ???? ??????????, ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ???? zirconium phosphate ??? 0.8 nm ??? 4.0 nm, ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????????????????? ?????????, ????????? ???? ??????-???? ??????????? ??? ZrP DMA-CMS ????????? ?????????? ????????? (ZrP DMA-CMS) ??? PS ??????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??? 4.0 ??? ?? 4.3 ??? ??????? ??? ZrP DMA-CMS, ??? ?????? ????????????? ????

?????????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??? 1%, ?? ????????? ????????, ????????? ??????, ??????????? ???? ???????, ??? ??????????????????? ???? PS/?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ????????ум ????????? ????????, ?? ?????? ??????????, ????????? ??????, ??????????? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????????????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????????, ??? ?? ??????????, ??????????, ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ZrP DMA-CMS ???? ?? ????? ?????????????? ??? ????????